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ٿ츸 1980 ʱ ũ 忡 뵿 ߴ. Ͽ , Կ Ȯ߰, ̾ ũ , ѳ ƷƮ, Ƶ, ư ̷ а ϸ ȦڽƮ, ٴ, Żٴ, , ȭ, Һǿ ټ ǥߴ. ټ ʰ ָ Ҵ. 64 1989 ǥ ٴ뼺 ȦڽƮ(Modernity and The Holocaust) å 쳽 . 90 Żٴ ٷ Ұ, 2000 ȸ (ü) ΰ мϴ ϴ ٴ(Liquid Modernity) ø[Liquid Modernity(2000), Liquid Love(2003), Liquid Life(2005), Liquid Fear(2006), Liquid Times(2007)] . ϴ ٴ롯 ٴȸ ߰ ۵ dzӤ üǸ鼭 ȮǼ ϴ ´ ٿ츸 â ٽ ̴. ̷ Żٴ ȣ, ȮǼ, 뼺 Ŵ´ٴ ٸ Ʈ ˸ ϸ鼭, ũ ǽ ̾ ȸǰ ƴ õ Ѵٴ ִ.
1992 ȸ ȸ ι Ƹ , 1998 Ƶ ߴ. 2010 ȸ ˷ Բ ǥϴ ̶ְ 縦 ƽƽ ߴ. ó ָ Żٴ ̶ ִ ٿ츸 й ̷ 2002 ó Ǹ鼭 ˷. ٿ츸 ü а, ΰ ɸ ο عٴڱ հ ִٴ ´. ν , ο , ü ٴ롻, ϴ , Ⱑ Ǵ 须, ȭ, ߴ 츮 ϴ°? Ǿ ִ.